Holocaust - Timeline - 1941
January 22/23
First massacre of Jews
in Rumania.
February
Medical experiments
begin.
February/April
Deportation of 72,000
Jews into the Warsaw Ghetto.
February 22/23
Deportation of 400
Jewish hostages from Amsterdam to Mauthausen.
February 25
Anti-Nazi strike in
Amsterdam.
March 1
Construction of Auchwitz
II-Birkenau camp begins
March 2
German troops occupy
Bulgaria.
March 7
Induction of German Jews
into forced labor.
March 11
U.S. Congress passes
Lend-Lease act.
April 6
Germany invades
Yugoslavia and Greece.
April 9
Germany occupies
Salonika.
April 24
Lublin ghetto sealed.
April 27
German troops enter
Athens, completing invasion of Greece.
May 10
Rudolf Hoess parachutes
into Duke of Hamilton's estate.
May 14
Arrest of 3,600 Parisian
Jews.
May 14
Rumania passes law
condemning adult Jews to forced labor.
May 16
French Marshal Petain
approves collaboration with Hitler in radio broadcast.
June 6
"Commissar Barbarossa."
300 male prisoners
arrive at Ravensbrück from Dachau. The SS holds them in a separate camp
for men at Ravensbrück. The men serve as forced laborers in the
construction of factories in the area.
June 22
Germany attacks the
Soviet Union."Operation Barbarossa."
June 23
Einsatzgruppen begin
killings in the USSR.
June 27
Einsatzgruppe 4a and
local Ukrainians kill 2,000 Jews in Lutsk.
June 28
Romanian "Iron Guard"
kills 1,500 Jews in Iasi .
June 30
Germany occupies Lvov;
4,000 Jews killed by July 3.
June
Vichy government revokes
civil rights of French Jews in North Africa and decrees many
restrictions against them.
June
Nazi SS Einsatzgruppen
begin mass murder.
June/July
Mass shootings of Jews
in begin in Ponary Forest, the killing grounds near Vilna. By 1944,
70,000 to 100,000 perish there.
June/Aug
Numerous pogroms in
occupied Russian territories.
July 1
Einsatzgruppe D begins
operating in Bessarabia; 150,000 Jews shot by August 31.
July 2
Antiracist riots in
Lvov in which Ukrainian nationalists take part.
July 4
Vilna Judenrat
established.
July 8
Introduction of the
wearing of the Star of David into the Baltic countries.
July 15
Smolensk captured.
Becomes the headquarters of the German Army Group Center. 300,000 Soviet
trops are taken prisoner.
July 17
Alfred Rosenberg is
appointed Reich Minister for the Eastern Occupied Territories to
administer territories seized from the Soviet Union.
July 20
Minsk ghetto
established.
July 24
Kishinev ghetto
established —10,000 Jews dead.
July 25
Pogrom in Lvov.
July 31
Göring assigns to
Heydrich the task for “a complete solution of the Jewish question in the
German sphere of influence in Europe.” Beginning of the “Final
Solution.”
August
Ghettos established in
Bialystok and Lvov.
August 5
Murders in Pinsk; 10,000
killed in three days.
August 15
Kovno ghetto is sealed
off.
August 27-28
Massacre at
Kamenets-Podolsk.
September
Janówska, a labor and
extermination camp near Lvov in Ukraine opens.
September 1
Police order pertaining
to the introduction of the Star of David in Germany, effective September
19 for all Jews age six and older.
September 3
First gassing tests in
Auschwitz using Zyklon-B.
September 6
The Vilna Ghetto is
created with a population of 40,000 Jews.
September 8
Siege of Leningrad.
September 12
Hitler: "Leningrad will
be starved into submission."
September 15
150,000 Jews deported to
Transnistria; 90,000 die.
All Jews over the age of
six in Germany have to wear a yellow Star of David in public at all
times.
September 19
German troops capture
Kiev. Zhitomir ghetto liquidated —10,000 killed.
September 27
Heydrich made “Protector
of Bohemia and Moravia.”
September 28/29
Mass murder of Jews at
Babi Yar near Kiev (33,751 victims).
October 3
Forced labor for the
Jews in the Reich.
October 4
Thousands of Kovno Jews
killed at "Ninth Fort."
October 8
Vitebsk ghetto
liquidated; more than 16,000 Jews killed.
October 10
Ghetto in Theresienstadt,
Czechoslovakia established.
October 11
Jews of Czernowitz,
Romania, ghettoized.
October 12
Germans reach outskirts
of Moscow.
October 12/13
Massacre of Jews at
Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine (11,000 victims).
October 14
Orders for deportation
of German Jews from Germany as defined by its 1933 borders.
October 16
Start of deportation of
the Jews from the Reich to the ghettos of Lodz, Riga and Minsk.
October 20
673,000 Red Army
soldiers are captured.
October 23
Prohibition against the
emigration of Jews.
October 23
Massacre of Jews in
Odessa (34,000 victims).
October 25
Eichmann approves plan
for use of mobile gas vans.
October/November
Einsatzgruppen mass
killings of Jews all over Southern Russia.
October 27
Soviet counter-attack
around Moscow begins.
October 28
Massacre of Jews in
Kiev, Ukraine (34,000 victims).
October 30
Bratislava Jews expelled
to rural Slovakia.
November 1
Construction of Belzec
camp begins.
November 6
Massacre of Jews in
Kovno (Kaunas), Lithuania (15,000 victims).
November 15
Germany is forced to
halt outside Moscow due to sub-sero temperatures.
November 20
Friedrich Mennecke, the
head of the Eichberg State Mental Hospital and a doctor in the
Euthanasia Program, conducts a selection among the women prisoners at
Ravensbrück. Over the next two months Mennecke determines that about 850
prisoners are too weak or ill to work. He orders their killing as part
of an operation codenamed 14f13.
November 24
"Model Camp" established
at Theresienstadt
November 25
Declaration pertaining
to the collection of Jewish assets through deportations.
November 26
Auschwitz II (Auschwitz-Birkenau)
is established.
November 30
30,000 Riga Jews
arrested, subsequently shot at Rumbuli.
December 1
A faction of the
Einsatzgruppe A (Einsatzkommando 3 in Lithuania) reported they had
killed 136,441 Jews since 1941.
December 5
Germany retreats of
Moscow.
December 7
Japanese attack Pearl
Harbor. Hitler issues Night and Fog Decree.
December 8
The United States and
Britain declare war on Japan.
December 8
Chelmno extermination
camp opened near Lodz, Poland; by April 1943 360,000 Jews had been
murdered there.
December 11
Germany and Italy
declare war on the United States. America declares war on Germany.
December
Massacre of Jews in
Riga, Latvia; victims include the first transport of Jews from Germany,
(27,000 victims).
December 21
More than 40,000 Jews
shot at Bogdanovka.
December 22
33,500 of 57,000 Jews in
Vilna already murdered.
December 30
Massacre of Jews in
Simferopol in the Crimea (10,000 victims).
December 31
First partisan manifesto
in Vilna.
Back to Timeline
|
