Holocaust - Timeline - 1943
January 18
First armed resistance
against deportation in Warsaw Ghetto.
January 20/26
Transports from the
ghetto in Theresienstadt to Auschwitz.
January 29
Germans order all
Gypsies arrested and sent to concentration camps.
January 30
Ernst Kaltenbrunner
succeeds Heydrich as head of RSHA.
January 31
Field Marshal Paulus
surrenders the 6th Army at Stalingrad. 300,000 German troops are killed,
wounded or captured.
February 2
German Sixth Army
surrenders at Stalingrad. (This marks the turning point in the war).
February 5
Deportation of 10,000
Jews from Bialystok to Treblinka begins.
February 15
First “resettlements” in
Bialystok ghetto in Poland; 1,000 Jews killed on the spot, 10,000
deported to Treblinka.
February 18
Nazis arrest "White
Rose" leaders in Munich.
February 25
Fist transports from
Salonika to Auschwitz
February 26
First transport of
Gypsies reaches Auschwitz
February 27
Deportation of Jewish
armament workers from Berlin to Auschwitz.
March
Transports from Holland
to Sobibor; from Prague, Vienna, Luxembourg, and Macedonia to Treblinka.
March/May
Second “resettlement” in
Croatia.
March 1
American Jews hold a
mass rally at Madison Square Garden in New York to pressure the United
States to aid European Jewry.
March 13
Disbandment of the
ghetto in Krakow.
An assasination
attempted on Hitler. Fabian von Schlabrendorff smuggles a bomb aboard
Hitler's plane, the bomb fails to explode.
March 15
Deportations from
Salonika, Greece and Thrace.
March 20
Colonel Gersdorff
attempts to assassinate Hitler.
March 22
The first new
crematorium in Auschwitz Birkenau placed into operation.
April 18
Stroop arrives in the
Warsaw Ghetto.
April 19
Bermuda Conference.
Fruitless discussions by U.S. and British delegates on deliverance of
Nazi victims.
April 19
Warsaw Ghetto uprising
begins. Von Sammers is relieved of command of the Nazi garrison.
April 22
Stroop orders the Warsaw
Ghetto to be set on fire.
April 23
The Nazis execute the
Judenrat chairman, Marek Lichtenbojm, and his deputies in the Warsaw
Ghetto.
May 8
The headquarters bunker
of the Jewish resistance fighters at Mila 18 in the Warsaw Ghetto is
liquidated.
May 16
Stroop announces “The
Warsaw Ghetto is free of Jews” and the synagogue on Tlomackie Street is
set on fire.
May 24
19,153 Jews expelled
from Sofia and saved from deportation
June 11
Himmler orders the
liquidation of all Polish ghettos. By the edict of June 21 expanded to
the Soviet Union.
June 21/27
Liquidation of the
ghetto in Lemberg (Lvov) (20,000 persons).
June 25
Revolt and destruction
of the ghetto in Czestochowa, Poland.
June 28
Four crematoria
completed at Aushwitz-Birkenau.
July 1
Thirteenth order of the
Reich's Civil Laws: Jews within Germany placed under police justice.
July 5
German offensive at
Kursk fails.
July 10
Allies invade Sicily.
July 25/26
Mussolini arrested and
Fascist government in Italy falls; Marshal Pietro Badoglio takes over
and negotiates with Allies.
August 2
Revolt in Treblinka
death camp, revolt at Krikov labor camp, Lublin district.
August 8
First of five organized
groups leaves Vilna ghetto to join partisans.
August 14
Rome is declared an open
city.
August 16/23
Revolt and destruction
of the ghetto in Bialystok.
August 18
Prisoners of
Sonderkommando 1005 made to exhume tens of thousands of bodies at
Babi Yar.
September 1
Vilna underground
uprising fails.
September 3
Belgian Jews arrested
for deportation to Auschwitz.
September 11
Start of German raids
against Jews in Nice, France.
September 11/14
Liquidation of ghettos
in Minsk and Lida.
September 15
Kovno ghetto converted
into a concentration camp.
September 11/18
Transports of families
from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz.
September 23
Liquidation of the Vilna
Ghetto.
September 25
Smolensk recaptured by
Soviet troops. Liquidation of all ghettos in Belorussia.
October 2
Order for the expulsion
of Danish Jews; due to the rescue operations by the Danish underground,
some 7,000 Jews were evacuated to Sweden. Only 475 were captured by the
Germans.
October 13
Italy declares war on
Germany.
October 14
Revolt in Sobibor.
October 18
First transport of Jews
from Rome to Auschwitz.
October 20
U.N. War Crimes
Commission is established.
October 21
Liquidation of Minsk
ghetto.
October 25
Dnepropetrovsk
liberated: 15 of 80,000 Jews remain.
November 3
Implementation of
Operation Harvest Festival, which was to liquidate several camps in the
Lublin area (including Majdanek, Trawniki and Poniatowa). Liquidation of
the Riga Ghetto. Murder of remaining Jews in Majdanek (17,000 victims).
November 6
Kiev recaptured by
Soviet troops.
November 17
Jewish partisans
liberate Jews of Borshchev.
November 28
Conference in Teheran;
meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin.
December 15/19
First trial of German
war criminals in Charkow (Kharkov), Ukraine.
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